Unit 4 -- Bonding
This unit is about intramolecular forces, the attractions that hold atoms together allowing them to make up the multitude of materials you come across everyday. There are three intramolecular forces you need to understand for this course, however the VA SOL only tests you on two of them: ionic and covalent bonds.
Atoms will gain or lose electrons to reach their lowest energy state, this causes them to develop a charge/oxidation state. There are some atoms you're expected to know the oxidation state of. The lecture video will remind you of these, and how ions come together to form ionic bonds. We also took a quiz on the 18 polyatomic ions found on p. 7 of the packet. You can memorize about 12 of them from the mnemonic device "Nick the camel ate a clam for supper in Phoenix." In case you struggle with determining the oxidation state, charge, of transition metals here is another method beside the reverse criss-cross |
This units first sub-unit, is about metallic bonds. The attraction between metal cations that give metals their unique properties. In class we prepared an alloy of brass using pennies and a solution of zinc and sodium hydroxide. We then went over Ionic nomenclature. There was a lot of practice, and a lot of dice rolling Our final sub-unit discusses the properties of ionic compounds, and how ions behave in solution. Also i revealed the test free response format for this test! Make sure you've done your homework!
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The beginning of unit 4b reviews ionic bonds, and points out how covalent bonds are different. Since they are so different covalent bonds have several new ideas we need to tackle including lewis structures, and a review of electronegativity. |
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In the second section of unit 4b, we discuss covalent nomenclature as well as lewis structures. Being able to draw structures is key to being able to describe their shape, so this lesson you may want to visit a few times. |
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Lewis structures allow us to visualize bonding and from those visuals make assumptions on the hybridization of the molecule. This hybridization is utilized in valence shell electron pair repulsion model (VSEPR theory). Here we discuss the structures and their bond angles.
Also next class we will have our unit 4b quiz, which is discussed at the end of the lecture. Use the link below to visit the quizlet for VSEPR flash cards. Also the answer key to the notes can be found below that.
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Our final lesson of unit 4b has us look at the attractions between molecules that lead to the various states of matter. We also watched the lesson from Ted-Ed on how geckos manipulate IMFs to defy gravity. We will officially test out of unit 4 soon, make sure you have done your multiple choice homework.
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